Can You Be a Child of Abraham?

Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham. Gal 3:7

The Word of God tells us that ANYONE can be a child of Abraham and inherit the blessings promised to Abraham BY FAITH. The Apostle has been arguing to this point (vss 1-6 of Galatians 3) that believers receive the Spirit of God, not by human merit, but by faith in Christ. The Apostle sums up this argument with an appeal to Father Abraham in verse 6 – “Even as Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.” Here, Paul demonstrates his point by providing an indirect quotation of Genesis 15:6, that Abraham, the father of all the Hebrew peoples and the one to whom the blessings of the Abrahamic Covenant were made, was reckoned (or accounted) righteous on the basis of faith ALONE. Abraham, then, was justified on the grounds of Christ’s merit and substitutionary atonement, and that this justification was received through the instrument of faith (Rom 3:19-21, Gal 2:16) – just as we receive it!

Paul follows this statement with a most unusual inference. Since Abraham was justified by faith, and since we have been justified by faith, we are the spiritual offspring of Abraham – “Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham.” (Gal 3:7). The logical conclusion then, is that the blessings which have been promised to Abraham (and received by faith) are passed along “spiritual lines of descent” to those of us who are not Hebrews only (Rom 9:24), but all that have the faith of our father Abraham.

Paul goes on to further justify his position by appealing to the Abrahamic Covenant itself (see Gen 12:3, 18:18). Verses 8 and 9 read – “And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham, saying, ‘In thee shall all nations be blessed.’ So then they which be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham.” So, the understanding that non-Hebrews would receive the blessings of the Covenant (Matt 8:10-12) with Abraham was not hidden, but was proclaimed in the very covenant itself. Paul refers to this as the preaching of the gospel to Abraham.

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John Piper, pastor of Bethlehem Baptist Church in Minneapolis, MN, preached a sermon on this passage (Gal 3:6-9) on March 20, 1983 entitled “Those Who Have Faith Are the Sons of Abraham”, which you can find linked below. Some brief notes from his sermon follow.

Those Who Have Faith Are the Sons of Abraham

Brief Notes:

“I can think of at least two reasons why most modern people would simply shrug their shoulders at this announcement. One reason is that they have no idea what it means to be a son of Abraham and no sense of the stupendous value of the blessing promised to Abraham’s children. And the other reason is that they can’t see how a 20th century American who doesn’t have a Jewish cell in his body can be called a son of Abraham. In other words, if this promise in Galatians 3:6–9 is going to strengthen our faith and increase our joy, we have to dig in and see what it means and how it is grounded in the Old Testament…”

I. Not Dependant on Physical Descent

 

Paul is teaching us that to be an heir of Abraham is not tied to physical descent. Verses 7 and 9 state that those who are of faith are children of Abraham and in accordance with the covenant are blessed WITH Abraham (see especially vss 28-29 and compare Romans 9:6-7).

II. Was Paul’s View Biblical?

 

Abrahamic Covenant: “Now the LORD had said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father’s house, unto a land that I will shew thee: And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing: And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee: and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed.” Gen 12:1-3

Here, we see that the Hebrew people are being selected for a special purpose – to be a special nation separated unto God and to make them a blessing to the world (see Gen 18:18). Further, when Abraham was 90 years old, the LORD appeared to him again, with the following words,

“I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly. And Abram fell on his face: and God talked with him, saying, ‘As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations. Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee.’”

Piper acknowledges that Abraham was physically the father of nations such as Israel, Ishmael, and Edom, but do these constitute the “many nations” God spoke to Abraham about? Piper points out that Paul understood God to have meant all the Gentile nations to whom the gospel came, as evidenced by the following:

“Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace; to the end the promise might be sure to all the seed; not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham; who is the father of us all, ‘As it is written, I have made thee a father of many nations,’ before him whom he believed, even God, who quickeneth the dead, and calleth those things which be not as though they were.” (Rom 4:16-17)

III. Must Be Like Abraham

 

Next, Piper asserts that to be a son of Abraham is to follow in the faith of Abraham. From Piper’s sermon:

In John 8:39 the Jews defend themselves against Jesus’ criticisms by saying, “‘Abraham is our father.’ Jesus said to them, ‘If you were Abraham’s children, you would do what Abraham did.’” Jesus shows us two things in this response. First, he shows us that they are not Abraham’s children, even though they are Jews—and so he confirms our first point, that being a child of Abraham is not the same as Jewishness. And the second thing he shows us is that being a child of Abraham means being like Abraham—doing what he does

IV. Heirs of Blessing of Abraham

 

[IN WORK]

 

Adopted for Life

In preparation for the Adopting for Life conference at Southern Seminary, February 26-27, 2010. various blogsters have been posting articles and anecdotes about their experiences with adoption. At the following link, Dr. Mohler shares a heart-wrenching story of a Dutch couple who traveled to Haiti to adopt an orphaned child. After having had to wait two long agonizing years for all the bureaucratic red tape to be completed, the family was at long last re-united. The family spent one glorious day together before being crushed (together) in the earthquake that struck Haiti on January 12. The parents were found with arms interlaced and wrapped around their child, trying to protect him from the falling building. Dr. Mohler shares how this tragedy is both a heart-wrenching catastrophe and a picture of the adoption we have in Christ.

“* LINK> Al Mohler Blog: Adopted for Life . . . and in Death *”

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So what is this divine adoption we receive? The Baptist Confession of 1689 and the Baptist Catechism of 1677 define it this way:

“God has granted that, in and for his only Son Jesus Christ, all those who are justified share in the grace of adoption. By this they are numbered with and enjoy the liberties and privileges of the children of God. They have his name put upon them, and receive the Spirit of adoption. They have access to the throne of grace with boldness, and are able to cry, ‘Abba, Father!’ They are pitied, protected, provided for, and chastened by him as by a father, yet they are never cast off, but are sealed to the day of redemption, and inherit the promises as heirs of everlasting salvation.” LBC 1689, Chapter 12

Q. What is adoption?
A. Adoption is an act of God’s free grace, whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges of the sons of God. Keach’s catechism, #38

Some key Scriptures that outline the believer’s position before God are:

“For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God. For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father. The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God” Rom 8:14-16

“But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons. And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father.” Galatians 4:4-6

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Some helpful resources from the pulpit and pen of John Piper regarding adoption:

Adoption: The Heart of the Gospel
The Spirit-Led Are the Sons of God
Predestined for Adoption to the Praise of His Glory
What does it mean that we have been adopted by God?

 

Revival Fires!

Revival Fires

The folks at The Crux have a short blog series out on the revival fires that spread through Western New York in the days of Charles Finney. The revivalist/pragmatist methodology that was pioneered in those days, combined with the premillennialism that resulted from it, were the foundation stones of modern Evangelicalism and Fundamentalism, especially as practiced in Baptist circles.

Part 1 Link
Part 2 Link
Part 3 Link

 

The Justifying Peace of God

The following quote from JC Ryle appeared at the “J.C. Ryle Quotes” blog today and I thought it serves as an excellent capstone to my series of posts related to Grace and Peace in Paul’s salutation to the Galatian churches (Gal 1:3).

Grace and Peace
Grace and Peace, Part 2
Grace and Peace, Part 3
Grace and Peace, Part 4
Grace and Peace, Part 5

“Without justification it is impossible to have real peace. Conscience forbids it. Sin is a mountain between a man and God, and must be taken away. The sense of guilt lies heavy on the heart, and must be removed. Unpardoned sin will murder peace. The true Christian knows all this well. His peace arises from a consciousness of his sins being forgiven, and his guilt being put away. His house is not built on sandy ground. His well is not a broken cistern, which can hold no water. He has peace with God, because he is justified.”

I highly recommend adding the Evangelical Bishop to your RSS feed if you haven’t already!

 

Sola Scriptura: The Protestant Rule of Faith

To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them.   Is 8:20

 

During the Protestant Reformation, the Reformers distilled their basic belief system down to five basic latin phrases (5 solas) which served as a basic summary of their distinctives in contradiction to the beliefs of the Roman Church. The Latin word “sola” means “alone” in English. These core tenants of the Protestant Faith are:

William Kiffin

5 Solas

Sola Scriptura (By Scripture Alone)

Sola Fide (By Faith Alone)

Sola Gratia (By Grace Alone)

Solo Christo (Through Christ Alone)

Soli Deo Gloria (Glory to God Alone)

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Rule of Faith

Although each pilar of Biblical Protestant Faith must be defended and safeguarded in each generation, the attack on Scripture seems to be the most fierce. For once a person accepts the 66-books of inspired Scripture to be the sole, infallible, and inspired rule of the Christian faith, the rest of the tenants fall naturally from it.

Our early Baptist forefathers trained their children about Sola Scriptura as follows, using Keach’s 1677 Catechism:

4. What is the Word of God?

A. The Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, being given by divine inspiration, are the Word of God, the only infallible rule of faith and practice. (2 Peter 1:21; 2 Timothy 3:16,17; Isaiah 8:20)

5. How do we know that the Bible is the Word of God?

A. The Bible evidences itself to be God’s Word by the heavenliness of its doctrine, the unity of its parts, its power to convert sinners and to edify saints; but the Spirit of God only, bearing witness by and with the Scriptures in our hearts, is able fully to persuade us that the Bible is the Word of God. (1 Cor. 2:6,7,13; Ps. 119:18, 129; Acts 10:43, 26:22; Acts 18:28; Heb 4:12; Ps. 19:7-9; Rom. 15:4; John 16:13,14; 1 John 2:20-27; 2 Cor. 3:14-17)

6. May all men make use of the Scriptures?

A. All men are not only permitted, but commanded and exhorted, to read, hear, and understand the Scriptures. (John 5:39; Luke 16:29; Acts 8:28-30; 17:11)

The Baptists joined with all 17th Century Protestants in believing that the Word of God is the only rule of faith, the Bible (66 book Protestant Cannon) is this Word of God, and that all men are commanded to obey it. This rule of faith is not found by the wisdom and logic of man, nor by a blind leap of faith; but rather, by the inner working of the Holy Spirit, bearing witness in the hearts of believers.

For the definitive confessional statement of Baptists regarding the Scriptures as their rule of faith, see Baptist Confession, Chapter 1: The Holy Scriptures.

 

Sermon on the Work of the Holy Spirit

Charles Spurgeon

The link below will take you to a sermon preached by Charles Spurgeon at New Park Street Chapel on Thursday Evening, November 5, 1857.

The scripture expounded is: “Are you so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you now made perfect by the flesh?” Galatians 3:3

YES, we are just so foolish. Folly is bound up not only in the heart of a child but in the heart of even a child of God. And though the rod may be said to bring folly out of a child, it will take many a repetition of the rod of affliction upon the shoulders of a Christian before that folly is taken out of him.

* Link to Spurgeon Sermon #178*

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INTRODUCTION

Most true believers are sophisticated enough to understand from the Scriptures that their hope of salvation is due to the election of the Father, wholly grounded in the vicarious atonement of Christ the Son, and graceously applied to us by the Holy Spirit through faith. In theory we profess this, but in practice, many of us are heretics. And to do this in practice, as we all do, is foolishness. BUT, to understand that this is foolishness, is half way toward amending it, by God’s grace.

SALVATION – THE HOLY SPIRIT’S WORK

We must apply ourselves to prayer, studying the Word of God, hearing the preaching of the Word of God, and participating in God’s ordinances, but there is no salvation without the internal working of the Spirit of God. No man can begin the new birth himself – he cannot and he will not. The man that is unregenerate is dead in sin and sin cannot create grace anymore than hell can create heaven. Besides, if the sinner were capable of converting himself, he would not! Part of conversion is a will disposed to Christ, without conversion, no man would come to him.

The first thing the Holy Spirit does in the soul is to regenerate it – to give it life. Regeneration must preceed conviction of sin, because without spiritual eyes to see, a man can have no sight of his wickedness. This working of the Spirit in man is done effectually. For the Spirit would not do it, except He were to do it effectually. This working of the Spirit gives the man a new principle. Whereas before, he was only a body and soul, but now has a living spirit and is now also a spiritual being. Now the man has eyes to see his sin and misery and ears to hear the conviction of the law. Now, aware of the helplessness of his own conviction, the sinner clings to Jesus Christ as his only hope and righteousness. At the same time the sinner lays hold on Christ in faith, he is washed by the blood of Jesus Christ, which cleanses him from all his sin and he receives the spotless righteousness of Christ, imputed to him. In place of sin and condemnation, he receives assurance, joy, and pardon – all works of the Holy Spirit – and best of all we are adopted sons of God!

But if you know your need of a Savior tonight, if you are this night conscious of your death in sin, hear me preach the Gospel. The Lord Jesus Christ died for you. Do you know yourself to be guilty? Not as the hypocrite pretends to know it, but do you know it consciously, sensitively—do you weep over it? Do you lament it? Do you feel that you can not save yourself? Can you say tonight, “Unless God shall put out the hand of His mercy, I know I deserve to be lost forever and I am”? He will save you. He has taken your sins upon His head. He suffered in your place. I am the Master’s glad herald to tell you tonight what His Word tells you also—that you may rejoice in the fullness of faith—for “Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners,” and “this is a faithful saying and worthy of all acceptation.”

 

Galatians 3:1-9 Text w/Notes

Ὦ ἀνόητοι Γαλάται, τίς ὑμᾶς ἐβάσκανεν, οἷς κατ’ ὀφθαλμοὺς Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς προεγράφη ἐσταυρωμένος; 2 τοῦτο μόνον θέλω μαθεῖν ἀφ’ ὑμῶν, ἐξ ἔργων νόμου τὸ πνεῦμα ἐλάβετε ἢ ἐξ ἀκοῆς πίστεως; 3 οὕτως ἀνόητοί ἐστε; ἐναρξάμενοι πνεύματι νῦν σαρκὶ ἐπιτελεῖσθε; 4 τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ; εἴγε καὶ εἰκῇ. 5 ὁ οὖν ἐπιχορηγῶν ὑμῖν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἐνεργῶν δυνάμεις ἐν ὑμῖν ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἢ ἐξ ἀκοῆς πίστεως; 6 καθὼς Ἀβραὰμ ἐπίστευσεν τῷ θεῷ, καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην.

7 γινώσκετε ἄρα ὅτι οἱ ἐκ πίστεως, οὗτοι υἱοί εἰσιν Ἀβραάμ. 8 προϊδοῦσα δὲ ἡ γραφὴ ὅτι ἐκ πίστεως δικαιοῖ τὰ ἔθνη ὁ θεὸς προευηγγελίσατο τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ὅτι ἐνευλογηθήσονται ἐν σοὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη. 9 ὥστε οἱ ἐκ πίστεως εὐλογοῦνται σὺν τῷ πιστῷ Ἀβραάμ.

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ἀνόητοι unintelligent, foolish (opp. σοφόσ, see Tit 3:3, Rom 1:14) ; ἐβάσκανεν bewitch τινά (Dt. 28:56) ; κατ’ ὀφθαλμοὺς κατά + acc. of place (BAGD IIb), κ. ὀφθαλμοὺς …, to happen right before your eyes ; προεγράφη To write before, what was written above (BAGD1, see Eph 3:3), set forth as a public notice, proclaimed or set forth publicly (LSJ), public proclamation, show publicly, proclaim (BAGD 2) ; ἐναρξάμενοι 1 aor. of ἐνάρχομαι (opp. ἐπιτελεῖν), begin, make a beginning, ε. πνεύματι make a beginning in the Spirit ; ἐπιτελεῖσθε end, bring to an end, finish, pass. or mid., if p., will you now end in flesh?, if m., will you be made complete in flesh? (BAGD 1) ; εἰκῇ adv., in vain, to no avail, (see 4:11) ; εἴγε εἴγε = εἴ γε, if indeed, inasmuch as, “if indeed it is in vain” (BAGD 3a, see 2 Cor 5:3) ; ἐπιχορηγῶν give, grant, furnish, provide τί τινι (the Spirit to you, BAGD 2) ; ἐλογίσθη reckon, calculate, to have been credited (pass.) τινι’ τι εἴσ τι (BAGD, see 2 Cor 5:19, Rom 4:3,5,8,9,22, 2Ti 4:16), count, reckon, calculate, compute (LSJ)

ἄρα ; προϊδοῦσα 2aor ptcpl, ; δικαιοῖ 3PAI ; ἐν σοὶ ; ἐνευλογηθήσονται fut pass, ;

 

Salvation By Works is a Criminal Doctrine

Charles Spurgeon

The link below will take you to a sermon preached by Charles Spurgeon at the Metropolitan Tabernacle on Lord’s-Day Morning, April 18, 1880.

The scripture expounded is: “I do not frustrate the Grace of God: for if righteousness comes by the Law, then Christ is dead in vain.”
Galatians 2:21.

* Link to Spurgeon Sermon #1534*

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Brief Outline (and snippets)

Introduction

THE idea of salvation by the merit of our own works is exceedingly insinuating. It matters not how often it is refuted, it asserts itself again and again and when it gains the least foothold it soon makes great advances.

A person who believes himself to be justified by his own works is a person who is self satisfied and self deceived. Self-righteousness is the heart of all false religion! All men are born idol worshipers and gravitate towards that which satisfies their natural desires. This foolishness is the result of ignorance of the Law of God and ignorance of the nature of man. Such men are self-deceived by pride, despise mercy, and make light of sin.

Two Great Crimes Contained in Self Righteousness

1. A frustration of the grace of God.

If a man is self-justified, then grace and mercy are superfluous. Why would an innocent man beg for mercy? For a man to mix law and grace, he makes grace secondary to merit. Merit becomes the ground of salvation and grace helps to make up any deficit. A man who trusts in both his own works AND the grace of God, ultimately trusts in his own works, because merit and grace are exclusive.

“If by Grace, then it is no more of works: otherwise Grace is no more Grace. But if it is of works, then is it no more Grace: otherwise work is no more work.” Rom 11:16

2. Human Merit Makes Christ to Have Suffered in Vain

If we can achieve salvation by our works, Christ is not our full hope, but a helper. Where Christ said, “it is finished”, let us not say, “it is ALMOST finished”!

If it is taught that our Lord’s bearing of sin for us did not make a perfect Atonement and that it is ineffectual till we either do or suffer something to complete it—then in the supplemental work lies the real virtue and Christ’s work, is in itself, insufficient!

These Two Great Crimes are Committed by Many

People commit these crimes because they are: indifferent, or have no sense of guilt (proud), or are overcome by guilt (deny power God), or because they have committed apostasy.

This is a sin so gross that even the heathen cannot commit it! They have never heard of the Grace of God and therefore they cannot put a slight upon it—when they perish it will be with a far lighter doom than those who have been told that God is gracious and ready to pardon and yet turn on their heels and wickedly boast of innocence and pretend to be clean in the sight of God! This is a sin which devils cannot commit. With all the obstinacy of their rebellion, they can never reach to this! They have never had the sweet notes of Free Grace and dying love ringing in their ears and, therefore, they have never refused the heavenly invitation. What has never been presented to their acceptance cannot be the object of their rejection. Thus, my Hearer, if you should fall into this deep ditch, you will sink lower than the heathen, lower than Sodom and Gomorrah and lower than the devil, himself! Wake up, I pray, and do not dare to frustrate the Grace of God!

No TRUE Believer Can Be Guilty of These Crimes

The more holy you grow in Christ, the less confidence you will have in yourself. Maturity in Christ is to understand that you have nothing to offer him and everything is of grace. The mature believer is the one that rejoices in the Doctrines of Grace. The true believer does not see Christ to have died in vain – nothing but Christ is his only plea before the throne of grace.

“And He [God] said unto me, ‘My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness.’ Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me.” 2 Cor 12:9

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I mean this—when we preach the Gospel we have only to say, “Sinners, you are guilty! You never can be anything else but guilty in and of yourselves—if that sin of yours is pardoned, it must be through an act of Sovereign Grace and not because of anything in you, or that can be done by you. Grace must be given to you because Jesus died and for no other reason and the way by which you can have that Grace is simply by trusting Christ. By faith in Jesus Christ you shall obtain full forgiveness.” This is pure Gospel.

 

Galatians 2:15-21 Text w/Notes

ἡμεῖς φύσει Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτωλοί, 16 εἰδότες δὲ ὅτι οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν, ἵνα δικαιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ. 17 εἰ δὲ ζητοῦντες δικαιωθῆναι ἐν Χριστῷ εὑρέθημεν καὶ αὐτοὶ ἁμαρτωλοί, ἆρα Χριστὸς ἁμαρτίας διάκονος; μὴ γένοιτο. 18 εἰ γὰρ ἃ κατέλυσα ταῦτα πάλιν οἰκοδομῶ, παραβάτην ἐμαυτὸν συνιστάνω. 19 ἐγὼ γὰρ διὰ νόμου νόμῳ ἀπέθανον ἵνα θεῷ ζήσω. 20 Χριστῷ συνεσταύρωμαι· ζῶ δὲ οὐκέτι ἐγώ, ζῇ δὲ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός· ὃ δὲ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκί, ἐν πίστει ζῶ τῇ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντός με καὶ παραδόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ. 21 οὐκ ἀθετῶ τὴν χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ· εἰ γὰρ διὰ νόμου δικαιοσύνη, ἄρα Χριστὸς δωρεὰν ἀπέθανεν.

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φύσει instrumental (dat. of means), represents nature, natural endowment or condition (BAGD 1, contrast Rom 2:27,11:21) ; ἐὰν μὴ = ἀλλὰ (see 1:7, sim. use to Mat 12:4) ; πίστεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ objective genitive ; οὐ…πᾶσα σάρξ “not…all flesh” = no flesh (R 3:20, 1Cor 1:9) ; εὑρέθημεν καὶ αὐτοὶ reflexive use of αὐτόσ, “even we *ourselves*” ; ἆρα apodosis of conditional sentence (BAGD 3) ; μὴ γένοιτο 2aor opt. ; κατέλυσα trans. (fig), tear down, destory, demolish (BAGD 1bβ) ; παραβάτην from verb παραβαίνω (to go along side of, LSJ), transgressor (ie sinner, BAGD), see Rom 2:25 ; συνιστάνω transitive, show, demonstrate (BAGD I1c), σ. παραβάτην ἐμαυτὸν (demonstrate myself [to be] a transgressor ; τοῦ παραδόντος ptcpl, (see 1:4), παραδίδωμι is to hand over, give over τινί τι ; ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ (see 1:4) ; δωρεὰν acc. of δωρεά, used as adverb, as a free gift, freely (LSJ), in vain, to no purpose (BAGD 3) ;

 

Galatians 2:11-14 Text w/Notes

ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν Κηφᾶς εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην, ὅτι κατεγνωσμένος ἦν. 12 πρὸ τοῦ γὰρ ἐλθεῖν τινας ἀπὸ Ἰακώβου μετὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν συνήσθιεν· ὅτε δὲ ἦλθον, ὑπέστελλεν καὶ ἀφώριζεν ἑαυτόν, φοβούμενος τοὺς ἐκ περιτομῆς. 13 καὶ συνυπεκρίθησαν αὐτῷ καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ Ἰουδαῖοι, ὥστε καὶ Βαρναβᾶς συναπήχθη αὐτῶν τῇ ὑποκρίσει. 14 ἀλλ’ ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, εἶπον τῷ Κηφᾷ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων, εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐχ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς, πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις ἰουδαΐζειν;

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ἀντέστην 2 aor., intransitive use, rise up, stand up get, up, used in sense of accusers in court – Mt 12:41, Lk 11:32 (BAGD 2c) ; κατεγνωσμένος pass ptc. of καταγινώσκω, condemn, convict (I Jn 3:20) ; πρὸ τοῦ + inf. + acc. takes place of πρίν + inf. of Attic, means before (ATR 1074f) ; ὑπέστελλεν impf active, draw back, withdraw, + ἑαυφτόν withdraw himself (BAGD 1) ; ἀφώριζεν impf. of ἀθορίζω, separate, take away, exclude, + ἑαυφτόν to separate oneself (BAGD 1) ; συνυπεκρίθησαν join in playing a hypocrite ; συναπήχθη 1 aor pass, led away or carried off with, + dat. to be carried away by τινί (τῇ ὑποκρίσει) ; ἀναγκάζεις ἰουδαΐζειν compel, force, + inf. to do something (BAGD 1), ἰουδαΐζειν to live as Jews ;